小孩银屑病药物有哪些？

银屑病是一种经常性复发的慢性自身免疫性疾病，常出现在青壮年人身上。在儿童中罕见，但随着儿童肥胖率的不断上升，越来越多的儿童开始出现此病。患儿往往会经历情绪、生活方式和亲密关系上的困难。对于儿童银屑病的治疗，药物治疗是很重要的一个方法。以下是对小孩银屑病药物的详细分析。

糖皮质激素

糖皮质激素是一种有效的局部治疗银屑病的常用药物之一。可在药物管理下安全使用。它们可能减轻银屑病病征，例如红肿、鳞屑、瘙痒等。儿童银屑病通常使用低浓度或超强效类固醇用于鳞屑，而且应在较短时间内使用。应该与医生预防某些副作用，如毛细血管扩张、萎缩和皮肤色素沉着等。

维生素D3药物

维生素D3药物已被证明治疗银屑病，在儿童中的应用更受欢迎。这是因为这个药物不是全身的，它们影响细胞（DNA复制、蛋白质表达），以抑制T淋巴细胞的活动，减少角质过度增长和发炎。这些药物常见的不良反应是局部刺激和瘙痒感。

Topical calcineurin inhibitors

Topical calcineurin inhibitors like tacrolimus and pimecrolimus have been shown to be effective in treating psoriasis in children, especially where conventional treatment has failed or caused unacceptable side effects. They can also act as a steroid-sparing agent.

Retinoids

Oral retinoids have been used to treat psoriasis for more than 20 years. While they are effective at clearing the skin, they often come with numerous potential adverse effects. Because of these adverse effects, oral retinoids are typically used only in severe cases of psoriasis in children who have not responded to other treatments. Topical retinoids are less likely to cause adverse effects, although their efficacy is lower than that of oral retinoids.

Methotrexate

Methotrexate is a systemic medication that can be used to treat psoriasis in children. This medication works by inhibiting the activity of rapidly dividing cells such as those found in psoriatic skin. It can take up to 12 weeks to see benefits from methotrexate, so it is important to work closely with a dermatologist to monitor its use and effectiveness. Potential adverse effects associated with methotrexate include liver damage, lung disease, and increased risk of infections.

总结

儿童银屑病的药物治疗涵盖了许多类型的药物，如糖皮质激素、维生素D3药物、钙调素酶抑制剂、类风湿因子等等。应该与医生合作，为孩子选择最适合的治疗方法。银屑病是一种慢性自身免疫性疾病，父母和医生之间的照顾和协作至关重要，以确保儿童能够获得他们需要的护理和治疗。